Second Semester Batch 2018 & Batch 2019

This course focuses on the evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of groundwater and the processes that control its quality in aquifer systems. Students will examine key physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, and major and trace ion composition. Emphasis is placed on identifying hydrochemical facies and understanding the geological, hydrological, and anthropogenic factors that influence groundwater quality. Topics include mineral dissolution and precipitation, ion exchange, mixing processes, salinization, redox conditions, and the impact of land use and groundwater exploitation. The course integrates conceptual understanding with interpretation of hydrochemical data to assess water suitability for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use. Through case studies and practical data evaluation, students will develop the ability to diagnose groundwater quality problems and explain the controlling physical and chemical processes within different hydrogeological settings.